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Bali is an Indonesian island, also an Indonesian province east of Java and west of Lombok. It is the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. The island measures 5,561 km² and has 4,336,900 inhabitants (2019). In 2002 there were 3,216,881 inhabitants. Nearly 90% belong to the indigenous population, the Balinese, who are largely Hindus and speak Balinese and Indonesian. The capital is Denpasar. Until 1958 the capital was Singaraja.
With an area of 5,561 km², the island of Bali is the 108th island in the world and slightly larger than the Dutch province of Gelderland. The province of Bali also includes the islands of Nusa Ceningan, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Penida. The entire province has an area of 5,780 km².
The island was formed by tectonic and volcanic forces. The area was lifted by the Australian Plate sliding under the Eurasian Plate. It is dominated by the volcanic mountains and some volcanoes are active. The highest point on the island is Gunung Agung (Mountain Agung), a volcano with a peak of 3142 meters above sea level. Gunung Batur, near Danau Batur (Lake Batur), is 1717 meters high with a crater 180 meters deep.
Bali is separated from Java by the shallow Bali Strait, which is 2.4 kilometers at its narrowest point. In the distant past, both islands have been connected to each other several times, so the nature is more or less the same. This is different with the island of Lombok, which lies east of Bali, on the other side of the wider Lombok Strait. The Wallace line runs between these two islands, which means that the flora and fauna differ substantially.
Dance and music are very important, in daily life, but certainly also in the spiritual. The Balinese dances are supported by gamelan music. In addition, all festivities in the temple are supported by gamelan music. There is also a lot of painting, textiles and wood carvings that underline and emphasize the artistry and creativity of the Balinese. In addition to the previously mentioned artistic expressions, a lot of jewelery is also made from gold and silverware.
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